ABSTRACT: The study examined the impact of rapid
urban growth on the socio – economic development in Nigeria, using the Abuja
Municipal Area Council (AMAC) as a case study. According to the Nigerian
National Economic Empowerment Development strategy (2004) the rate of urban growth
in Nigeria is one of the fastest in the world. It is against this background
that the need for this research project work is undertaken purposely to find
out the effects of rapid urban growth on socio-economic development of Abuja
Municipal Area Council. Inn order to achieve these goals, the research adopts
survey design and questionnaire was used as an instrument for collection of
data. Analysis was done using simple percentages method of data analysis. After
careful analysis and interpretation of data collected. It was found that rapid
urban growth has negative and positive effects on socio- economic development
of AMAC.The urban population related to the rate of urbanization due to rural –
urban migration, which affect access to quality education, employment, health
care delivery and healthy environment.
An interesting finding of the study is
that the primary factor for the rapid urban growth in AMAC within short period
of time is migration. The consequence of this rapid urban growth and population
rise with in a short period is that of infrastructural facilities and services
are grossly inadequate to cater for the population. The study reveals that
there is inadequate good quality housing, poor waste management facilities,
inadequate electric power supply, inadequate good quality domestic water
supply, inadequate and unaffordable health care facilities, poor environment
health and traffic poor environment health and traffic, congestion in the
municipal. The study therefore recommends that the Abuja Municipal Area Council
Administration to embark on urban removal. Adequate infrastructural facilities
and services should be provided the resident. Mechanism for periodic review and
upgrading should be put in place to ensure a qualitative built urban environment,
with adequate resources and facilities to support a sustainable healthy living
and economic progress of the inhabitants of the council service.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page - - - - - - - - - - -i
Certification - - - - - - - - - -ii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - -iii
Acknowledgment - - - - - - - - -iv
Abstract - - - - - - - - - -v
Table of content - - - - - - - - -vi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the study - - - - - - -1
1.2 Statement
of the problem - - - - - - -3
1.3 Objectives
of the study - - - - - - -3
1.4
Research Hypothesis - - - - - - -4
1.5 Significance
of the study - - - - - - -4
1.6 Scope
and limitation of the study - - - - -5
1.7 Definition
of Terms - - - - - - -5-6
1.8 Organization
of the study - - - - - - -6
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAME WORK
2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - -
2.1.1 Review
of related literature - - - - - -
2.1.2 Rapid
Urban Growth and Socio – Economic Development -
2.1.3 Nigeria
Federal Capital City, Abuja - - - - -
2.1.4 Abuja
Municipal Area Council, study Area - - - -
2.2 Theoretical
Framework - - - - - - -
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
3.1 Introduction
- - - - - - - -
3.2 Research
Design - - - - - - - -
3.3 Sources
of Data Collection - - - - - -
3.4 Study
population - - - - - - - -
3.5 Sampling
Techniques - - - - - - -
3.6 Instrument
for Data Collection - - - - - -
3.7 Administration
of instrument and procedure - - - -
3.8 Method
of Data Analysis - - - - - - -
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Introduction
- - - - - - - -
4.2 Data
Presentation and Analysis - - - - - -
4.3 Test
of Hypothesis - - - - - - - -
4.4 Discussion
of findings - - - - - - -
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary- - - - - - - - - -
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - -
5.3 Recommendation
- - - - - - - -
BIBLIOGRAPHY - - - - - - - - -
APPENDIX - - - - - - - - -
APPENDIX - - - - - - - - -
APPENDIX - - - - - - - - -
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background To The Study
The
relationship between rapid urban growth and socio-economic development is more
apparent generally in Africa and in Sub-Sahara Africa in particular. Nigeria,
like any other developing countries, and Abuja the Federal Capital City
inclusive are faced with threat of increasing population known as “Urban
explosion”. According to Robert (1995), the towns are getting bigger and more
numerous; and an even increasing proportion of the population is concentrating
in them. The population explosion, which out faces or outgrows resources, can
“explode in suffering, explode in violence and explode in humanity”. Andrew
(1994) maintain that rapid urban growth has created gigantic problems in major
cities and metropolis, which have been manifested in political, social,
economic and psychological occurring all over the states and countries at
large.
According
to Cohen (2006), in the last 50years, developing countries have experience
rapid and unprecedented urban growth due largely to industrialization and
changes in the global economy. Ejaro and Abubakar (2014) observe that the
physical rapid growth of urban areas is as a result of rural migration even urban
concentration into cities. It largely occurs because of the movement of people
from community concerned chiefly or solely with agriculture; to other
communities generally largely whose activities are primarily centered in
government, trade, manufacture, or allied interests. It is also seen as the
movement of populations from rural to urban areas, and the resulting increasing
proportion a population that resides in urban, rather than rural areas.
However,
there has been a phenomena increase urban growth rate in the developed
countries over the last fifty years with an average of 2.75 percent, while the
growth rate in developing countries on average for the same period states
around 6 percent. Nigeria’s urban population has been growing at a rate which
exceeds 6.5 percent and Lagos and Abuja in particular grew by 5.68 between 1999
– 2005. This growth rate is not matched by growth in other economic indices
(Otto 2007).
According
to the UN state of the world population 2007 report, sometime in the middle of
2007, the majority of people worldwide were living in towns of cities for the
first time in history; this is referred to as the arrival of the “Urban Millennium” or the “tipping point”. In regard to future
trends, it is estimated 93% of urban growth occur in developing nations, with
80% of urban growth occurring in Asia and Africa (Ankerl, 1986; UNFPA, 2007).
Ejaro
ad Abubakar (2014) notes that rapid urban growth in African countries reflect
substantial migration to cities from rural areas and also natural population
increase through increased births over death among city resident. They argue
that of the two major sources of urban population growth, in some countries,
natural increase plays the greater role while in some others migration from
rural areas contributes more. Cincotta and Eugelman (1987) observe that some
cities are growing two or three times faster than the country’s overall
population, reflecting massive migration to such cities.
Today,
at the beginning of the 21st century, there are around 400 cities in
the world with population over a million people, 75% of which are in low and
middle income countries. The population increase in urban areas is mostly
occurring in the developing countries of Latin America, East Asia and the
pacific, South Asia, central Asia, middle East and North Africa and the
Sub-Sahara Africa. While it as being projected that 17 of the world’s 20
largest cities are to be found in the developing countries (Dogan and Kasarda,
1989).
Otto
(2007) assert that urban growth is one of the most pervasive phenomena issues
occurring in many developing countries in general and Nigeria in particular but
the rapidity of urban growth poses grave consequence for socio-economic
development, which is yet to be fully grasped. According to the NEEDs document,
(2004), the rate of urban growth in Nigeria is one of the highest in the world.
Indeed Nigeria like a number of other developing countries, especially South East
Asian countries, face formidable urbanization challenges then the developed
countries face today.
According
to the United Nation 2009 World population prospect which projected Africa to
exceed 1.7 billion people (and it may already have) and could reach up to 2
billion people by 2050, Seubbotime and Sheran (2002) argue that this makes
Africa the fastest growing continent and Africa’s rapid growth will also shift
and global population balance.However, despite Africa’s rapid population
growth, its socio-economic development remains stagnant. Population growth and
urbanization. Rich countries are urban countries, as No country has ever
reached high income levels with low urbanization (Ishaya and Bala, 2014).
Agboola
(2005) notes that what is ironic and confounding, however, is that the
urbanization process in the more developed countries took many decades,
permitting a gradual emergence of economic, social and political systems o
tackle the problems of transformation. But the pattern of urban agglomerations
in the less developed countries are occurring more rapidly against a background
of higher population growth, less developed economic, social and political
systems.
This
process of urbanization and city growth in developing countries has been
described by Hartshorne (1992) cited in Agboola (2005) as “false urbanization”.
According to him, it is false urbanization in the sense that the process is
primarily driven by demographic forces, particularly rural – urban migration,
rather than economic and industrial forces. While, the challenges to this false
urbanization include, high unemployment, environmental degradation,
deficiencies in urban services and inadequate housing, deterioration of
existing infrastructure, inaccessibility to key resources, social vices, crime
and violence (IHDP, 2005).
Falade
(2005) argue that there is a negative relationship between un-controlled and
unplanned rapid urban growth and socio-economic development. Rapid urban
growth, if left unplanned as per the experience of many developing countries,
often leads to socio-economic woes and increase in poverty, crime and
insecurity in towns and cities. According to him, one of the continent’s main
developmental challenges for the two decades of this millennium would be how to
successfully manage its urban growth for substance economic development and
social emancipation.
The
links between population and development have always been seen within the
context of population and resources. The visualization of population growth
this tends to be obscured by the mystique and sentiment which surrounds the
phenomenon. But whatever we feel about urban growth. We are obliged to
acknowledge that they are significant factor in our social and economic
development. Thus, the focus of this project work intends to diagnose the
impact of rapid urban growth on Nigeria, a case study of Abuja Municipal Area
Council (AMAC).
1.2 Statement of the Problem.
The
Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria experience an annual growth
rate of 9.28%, annually as against the economic growth rate of 4.8% (Ejaro,
2009). This rapid urban growth has raised several challenges for the
socio-economic development of the six Area Council of which Abuja Municipal
Area Council is most affected by this.
The
influx of people into Abuja raised many problems. The immediate needs of the
people are water, food, clothing and shelter other problems include
unemployment, over population and over crowing, illiteracy, pollution, criminal
behaviours like picking pocket, armed robbery, drug use and trafficking and 419
activities among other anti – social behavior that came as a result rural –
urban migration and its implication in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC).
As
people move to AMAC, if the number of houses and jobs does not grow with the
increase in population, rooms become very expensive and different to get, and jobs
become very hard to get leading to poor socio-economic development of Abuja
Municipal Area Council. Most people who came to Abuja to look for jobs mostly
reside in the satellite town that AMAC administered, and when they fail to
obtain any, they become a burden either in their relation living in the area or
they resort to immoral or criminal practices in order to survive.
Thus,
the major problem statement therefore is:
§ Why
is the Abuja Municipal Area Council Authority not always ready and willing to commit
resources into socio- resources into socio- economic development programmes to
matched urban growth.
§ What
has been the level of performance measure by level of and quality of policy
implementation of Abuja Municipal Area Council vis-à-vis the urban renewal
projects.
Keeping
in view of the above facts, it becomes necessary to provide answer to the
following questions:
(i)
Does rapid urban growth lead to poor
socio-economic development?
(ii)
Has the Abuja Municipal Area Council
authority any adequate personnel with suitable skills?
(iii)
Is the present financial status of Abuja
Municipal Area Council good enough to cater for the urban growth project?
(iv)
Is the prevailing circumstance in
Nigeria conducive to discourage rural-urban migration to Abuja?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The
primary intent of the study is to explore the implication of rapid urban growth
and socio – economic development in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC). In
order to achieve this aim, the study objectives are as follows:
i.
To examine whether rapid population
growth and economic development in AMAC is determined by rural – urban
migration and natural increase.
ii.
To ascertain if over- population in AMAC
is negatively affecting the people’s socio-economic development.
iii.
To understand whether unemployment and
other anti-social activities are influenced by rapid urban growth and socio –
economic development in AMAC.
iv.
On the basis of the problems so
identified, suggested measure to enhance improvement will be provided.
1.4 Research Hypothesis
Basically
the study hypothesis, thus
(HO): Inadequate
planning for rapid urban growth impact negatively on socio economic development
of AMAC.
(HA): The frequency of Adequate Planning for rapid urban growth
has no affect on the socio-economic development of AMAC.
1.5 Significance of the Study
It
is hoped that, the academic research will be of immense value and guide to the
Abuja Municipal Area Council, administration as to which approach to mitigate
against challenge of rapid urban growth to adopt; and how to impact it to accomplish
the objective of positive socio-economic.
This
embodiment of the research literature is a compendium of ideas, facts and
figure for development economic resources person, policy makers and social
management scholars as well as research students who are in search of knowledge
for advancement.
It
is a hall mark if records and data bank for government agencies, private
business and non – governmental organization within the public and private
sector in Nigeria and beyond.
It
has provided solution to the problems association with rapid urban growth and
socio-economic development and indeed made recommendations on what to be done
with the challenges to rapid population growth and this I hope will be great
benefit to our society.
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study
This
study is an examination of the impact of rapid urban growth in Nigeria using
Abuja Municipal Area Council as a case study. Also the issues raised in the
research cannot be said to be completely treated in the scope and content
because of the following limitations:
i.
Inadequate
Materials: In that the available materials ate limited i.e
library.
ii.
Resource: The financial resource is
another problem i.e money.
iii.
Time factor: Is another limitation to
the research work because the time is too short.
iv.
Internet
Problem: The internet is another limitation to this network
problem and other website demand for many before the information could be
access.
v.
Limitation in terms of intellectual
ability or experience particularly in the area of research.
vi.
Also some materials were not release by
the Abuja Municipal Area Council and the Federal Capital Development Authority
because of security reason.
1.7 Definition of Terms
This
aspect of the study attempts to define the major operational terms as contained
in the topic of this project research. These terms are:
IMPACT:
Hornby (1979), define impact as “a
very strong effect or impression”.
The
meaning of impact that is adopted here is the one given by Ewache (1998) thus:
“impact is a positive impression or position mark which make a particular thing
to have maximum advantage”.
DEVELOPMENT: The
qualitative and quantitative change in the structure, composition
and performance of the forces of production
(Karl
Marx, 1971).
ECONOMY: This is the relationship between production,
trade, and the supply of money in a particular country in
region.
RAPID URBANIZATION:
This is the manner in which population change from rural
life pattern to those of city dwellers.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
This refer to describing both the quantitative measure of governing economy
as well as the social, political and other changes that lead to growth.
SUSTAIN DEVELOPMENT: This
refers to development that could last for measurable time without consequences
on the environment and human existence.
GROWTH:
This means the measurable attribute of development in terms of quantitative aspects.
SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
This means the progress recorded in the well being of human
society.
POPULATION GROWTH:
This is the change in population over time in terms of
number of any species per unit of time for measurement.
1.8 Organization of the Study
Chapter
one, which is the introduction, includes; a general background to the study.
Statement of the Research Problem, objectives of the study, Research
Hypothesis, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study,
definition of terms, and organization of the study.
Chapter
two, which is the literature Review and theoretical framework, consist of
introduction and review of all that exist about the study. Chapter three
captures the research methodology for the study. Chapter four contains: Data
Analysis, Presentation and interpretation of all results. Chapter five, being
the last chapter of this study simply captures; the summary, conclusion and
recommendations.
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